Charaka Samhita by Acharya Charaka is the first script that gives elaborate knowledge about Kaya chikitsa or Ayurvedic general medicine.

The practitioner must identify first the nature of the person (rogi pareeksha), and then the nature of the disease (roga pareeksha). This is an elaborate process and goes through different stages of assessing the dosha type of the person, his/her physical and mental capabilities, the stage of disease etc are all taken into account before prescribing a medicine.

According to Charaka, the body has the power to cure any imbalances that occur to the body. The function of medicines is to revitalize the life force in our body system, thus enabling our body reach a healthy state.

Diseases according to Ayurveda are the imbalance caused to the tridosha system of body. imbalance in any one dosha can affect the balance of other doshas too. Thus, it is important to quickly assist the body reinstate the state of balance. The imbalances can sometimes be occurred due to the action of mind or due to irregularities in sapta dhatu system or due to deposit of malas (wastes or toxins).

Sodhan or purification of the body is the first thing about treating the body. Panchakarma is a method of full body cleansing to expel accumulated toxins from the system. Panchakarma is a deep cleansing method, which involves five karmas namely nasya, vaman, virechan, basti and rakthamoksha.

Shaman is treating the body with snehan and swedan. Snehan is oil therapy and swedan is forcing the body to sweat, after shaman.

Purva karma is the preparatory procedure for panchakarma and paschat-karma is the therapy that follows panchakarma.

The body naturally has a tendency to expels accumulated bodily wastes (ama). At times, this expelling of toxic wastes can become difficult for the body. The sodhan therapy is a way of assisting the body in expelling those toxins from the body, thereby facilitating healthy functioning of body tissues.

Balachikitsa covers special care to be given to the child in each and every stage of growth.  Specially prepared ointment is applied to the whole body, excluding head, mainly to avoid future diseases caused due to vata. The room where the baby is kept is sterilized by smoking with medicinal herbs that have sterilizing and cleaning properties.

The best food for a new born baby is breast milk.

Bala (pronounced ba-lah) means children below the age of 16. Almost all diseases that affect adults attack children too. Diagnosis of the disease can be a bit difficult with children. Kids and children are also given much lower doses medicines than to adults.

Vagbhata in his classical writings, Ashtanga Samgraha and Ashtanga Hridaya, which are mostly descriptions and abstract of previously available books, Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita tells in detail about Balachikitsa including prenatal, natal and post natal care to be given to children. Healthy children are responsible for healthy society – this is the unquestionable view of Ayurveda. It not only deals with the physical care, but also the requirement of giving healthy food for the mind. Ayurveda believes that both healthy mind and healthy mind are inter-dependant.

Balachikitsa is the branch of Ayurveda that deals with health issues of children, from before conception to the age of sixteen.

Visha is any substance that can cause illness or even death to man or any living thing.

Visha is the opposite of Amrit, which gives immortality to man. Anything can become toxic when taken in an excess amount. An accurate definition of toxin is really not possible. There are several plants that have highly toxic fruits or flowers. The same fruits or flowers or other parts can be used as a component for highly effective medicine to treat many serious diseases and conditions.

The substances that cause illness can generally be called toxins. The main divisions here are toxins from bites of snake, insects, etc and ingestion of toxin by eating, drinking or inhaling. Toxic plants and plant products absorb the prime priority here. Incompatible food too can act as toxin.

The much discussed topic, free radicals in medical circuits is an example of endo-toxin.

Snake Venom
Though viewed with terror, only a few species of snake actually has venom powerful enough to kill a human being. Snake venom can cause critical damage to blood structure – this later causes conditions like anemia, asthma, etc. Proper medication can prevent such situations from occurring.

Insect bites
Insect bites can cause pain, itching, boils, etc. Ayurveda suggests different medicines for specific species to use under given conditions. The medicines can give results only when administered in the desired manner.

Artificial Toxins
Insecticides, chemicals, food additives, vegetables and fruits grown with the help of fertilizers, pesticides etc are all artificial toxins. Autoimmune diseases develop due to the intake of artificial toxins for a long period. Medicines that depend solely on chemical combinations can push the person to an infinite cycle of killing a toxin with another one, and later falling prey to a toxin that is powerful in his body.

All the three major classics of Ayurveda – Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya deals with Shalakya Tantra. According to Ayurveda there are 72 netra roga (eye diseases), 11 osta roga (lip diseases), one gand rog (lymph disease), 23 danta rog (dental diseases), 6 jihva rog (tongue diseases), eight talu rog (palate), 18 gal rog (throat diseases), and eight savagat mukhrog (diseases affecting mouth cavity and face).

Sushrut Samhita tells in detail about surgical treatment of different eye diseases and precautionary measures to prevent spread of infections. Sushruta, considered to be the first known human surgeon, also describes the methods of removal of unwanted growths like tumors.

Shalakya Tantra deals not only with major treatment measures for diseases affecting sensitive parts of the head, but also puts detailed direction about easy home remedies for diseases like migraine, infections in eye, ears and other parts.

Lord DhanwantaryÂ’s image has in his one hand a pot of Amrit (the divine nectar of immortality) and in the other a leech, suggesting surgery. Dhanwantary has once taken incarnation as a human, as the son of the king of Kashy. (Human) DhanwantaryÂ’s great grandson, Divodasa was an expert in Salya Tantra or surgery. Sushrutha, Ouradra, Pushkalavada and Oupadhenan had their education under Divodasa.

Dhanwantary and Jeevaka did surgery for brain, while Nimi specialized in ophthalmologic surgery. Bhoja was an expert to treat wounds occurred from weapons (sword, arrow, etc) and Sushruta specialized in cosmetic plastic surgery. Westerners got the idea of plastic surgery, when a local Ayurvedic surgeon re-created the nose of a British soldier named Kovaski, which he lost in a battle with Tipu Sultan of Mysore in 1792. Now Sushrutha is regarded as the father of modern plastic surgery.

There are surgical methods for treating bodily pimples, cancer, cataract, bones and diseases that affect urinary bladder, liver, intestine, etc. Surgical methods were also practiced on ear, nose and throat. Dental surgery too was not rare.

Surgery had three main phases, poorva karma (pre-surgery), Sashtrakriya (surgery) and paschath karma (post-surgical treatment). Poorva karma involves diagnosing the disease and the part of the body that affects the health of the person and pashchath karma refers to post surgical care.

Sasthrakriya is the Sanskrit word of surgery. Sasthra means a weapon and kriya means and action. Thus sasthrakriya or surgery is an action with a weapon or tool. There are about 108 different tools used in surgery, all of them have striking similarities with the surgical instruments that allopathic surgeons use.

In Kerala (and India) dealing with blood was considered an inferior thing. The surgeon also was responsible for the health of the patient. If any serious damage happens to the patient, the surgeon had full responsibility. He even got death sentence. All these have led to the extinction of surgery in India.

Jara (pronounced jera) means wrinkles on skin. Rasayana chikitsa, however is not only for people of old age, but also used as a preventive method against diseases and unhealthy body changes. Rasayana chikitsa is aimed at longevity of life, good mental condition including sound memory and physical strength.

Rasayana chikitsa is re-vitalizing tissues that were worn out or are in the process of wearing out due to factors like diseases and aging. Rasayana chikitsa enhances immune system, arrests aging, gives luster to the skin, gives youthful enery, nourish blood and body tissues (sapta dhatus), and brings in several benefits.

Real rejuvenation therapy is too hard for modern man. It requires moving into an isolation for a long time, as if in a secluded hermitage, without any connection with outside world. Such a therapy is called kaya kalpa. The person is taken to a hermitage like environment. The person will not be able to connect with the outside world by telephone, TV, or newspapers. The environment is relaxing and gives the best stress-free for the person. The person will however be under the observation of an Ayurvedic practitioner. There are special rasayanas and specially prepared food items. The person is also directed to follow a sage like lifestyle. At the end of the therapy, all the seven dhatus of saptha dhatus will be replaced with new tissues. This is the rejuvenation. Today kaya kalpa therapy is given on a commercial basis for as little as 28 days.

Rejuvenation therapy as it is called today includes body purification therapies like panchakarma followed by taking in appropriate rasayanas. It includes rasayana chikitsa on a very short-term basis. Such short-term therapies become necessary when the person has very little time or is not willing to go through the long and often hectic procedure.

Ayurvedic treatment methods for diseases affecting mind are mostly based on astrology, mantra and tantra. According to Ayurveda acharyas, mental diseases are caused due to the action of bhutas (bhootas – evil spirits or supernatural powers). The evil spirits can be Gandarvas, pisachu (devil), bhoota (ghosts), atma (spirits), etc. These supernatural elements cause trouble in the functioning of normal human mind.

It is still prevalent in India (and other parts of the world) the thought that dead people come and take the control of people, forcing them to do strange things. It is often believed that these atmas (souls) of dead people look to fulfill the unfulfilled wishes of the dead people.

Bhuts (or bhoots) are invisible to human eyes and can cause trouble in many different forms. That is why this branch of Ayurveda is often called bhoot vidya or the knowledge to prevent the action of bhootas.

These are situations beyond normal explanation of tridosha-dhatu-mala disorders. The treatment mainly is done by a mantrik, magician who can deal with extra-human elements like devils.

Ancient Indian astrology also deals with mental tribulations caused due to the movement of planets (Sun, Moon, and planets of the solar system are all considered planets in ancient Indian astrological concepts).

NB:- This bhoota is different from the five bhootas of panchabhootas. Panchabhootas are five elements of nature, namely Akash (sky, ether), Bhoomi (earth), Jal (water), Vayu (air) and Agni (fire, energy).

However, the lax lifestyle of kings and aristocrats required the Ayurvedic practitioners to enable the kings to meet different women and to meet their unholy sexual appetite. Ayurveda however doesnÂ’t approve unhealthy sexual practices.

Vrishya chikitsa described in Ashtang Ayurveda addresses the reasons for sexual inefficiency and directs the use of several aphrodisiac herbs and minerals to enhance the vitality. Charaka, in his great Ayurvedic classic writing Charaka Samhita has prescribed the use of aphrodisiacs that enhance the potency of a person.

The herbs and treatment are for both men and women. The aphrodisiacs also nourishes the body.

There are ancient scripts that suggest celibacy as the best way of healthy life. Nevertheless, Ayurveda dismisses this view as impracticable. Shukra or shukla, the reproductive tissue of the body is also responsible for the immunity of our body. There are certain qualifications for the woman to have sex with a man, the first among them is she should be the wife of the man.

Vajeekaran chikitsa strengthens all dhatus (tissues) of the body and gives a state of health and relaxed being to the person.

Vrishya chikitsa (Ayurvedic aphrodisiac therapy) involves living in strict compliance with Ayurvedic directions and taking herbs or herbal combinations that have aphrodisiac properties. Shilajit, Mucuna Pruriens (naikkurana), Aswagandha, etc are well known Ayurvedic aphrodisiacs that give extra sexual power to couples and enable them to give birth to healthy children.

Treatments for sex related problems include Ayurvedic panchakarma, massage therapies, Rasayana Chikitsa, etc.